Abortion Controversial Issues in Society Today - 1335 Words

One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I chose abortion as the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the human fetus from the mothers womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural birth. Most religious people believe that abortion should be completely banned. They agree with the idea that it is simply a type of murder and murdering a person is a crime and abortion is just a different type of killing. Some other, generally non-religious people believe that abortion should be not be banned and it should be a personal choice whether a women gets an abortion or not. There could be some cases where the women has no†¦show more content†¦Russia’s government is making free abortions available to women who fall into several newly defined categories, through their twenty second week of pregnancy. Critics of the free abortions blame Russia’s declin ing birth rate on cheap abortions. In the past six months, twice as many deaths as births have been recorded in Moscow. Of course it’s sad, said Vaganov. The whole story is sad, the number of abortions still being performed is sad, mortality figures are sad.... The thing is that you can just see more of what used to be hidden from the public eye he said. We are just trying not to hide the new realities of life, and we are not neglecting the old ones.; P.O.V; The journalist is trying to show that the united states is not the only one facing challenges in abortion and is possibly biased towards the united states. Source:Cable News Network, Inc.2011 Article 4. A pregnant leukemia patient who became a flashpoint in the abortion debate in the Dominican Republic died Friday morning, a hospital official told CNN. The 16-year-old, who had been undergoing chemotherapy, died from complications of the disease, said Dr. Antonio Cabrera, the legal representative for the hospital. Her case stirred debate in her country, as her life was potentially at risk because of anti-abortion laws in the Dominican Republic. Doctors were hesitant to give her chemotherapy because such treatment could terminate the pregnancy -- aShow MoreRelatedAbortion Is The Most Controversial Right1377 Words   |  6 Pagesinduced abortions are common and occur among women of all social and economic groups. Where the abortion rate is high, it likely reflects that levels of contraceptive use are not sufficient to meet the fertility desires and family planning needs of women and couples. History/background of the issue: Since 1996, abortion rates declined by at least 2% per year in 12 of the 28 countries with complete abortion counts and trend data, and rates increased by this much in two countries. 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People generally have strong views about abortion. It is an issue about life and death. Abortion draws out two different worldviews. The human world view, which says, You do whatever you want. Its your own choice not anyone else. In addition, the religious world, which I believe, says, ?God forbids us to murder, and knows that it?s a mortal sin.? I believe that the real reason that we see so many people wanting the

Night Creature Blue Moon Chapter 40 Free Essays

string(28) " cold chill wafted over me\." â€Å"Quit starin’ at me like you’re brain-dead, girl. Don’t tell me you didn’t imagine I was the one.† I hadn’t. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 40 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not for a minute. Not once had I suspected my best and only friend of being a werewolf. But now†¦ so many things made sense. She smoked like a chimney, drank like a fish, Lord knows how old she was – yet she had the nose and ears of a†¦ wolf. Most important, she ran this town – or near enough. She received all the information before anyone else. She could control what the police learned, where they went. Having the sheriff as her compatriot was brilliant. Between the two of them it was little wonder they’d been able to get this far. â€Å"I should have known,† 1 muttered. â€Å"If Clyde wasn’t the leader, it had to be you.† â€Å"How you figure?† â€Å"Because no one told Clyde what to do.† â€Å"Except for me.† â€Å"Bingo.† The Indians continued to chant; they seemed to be in a trance. I glanced at Will and he took one step in my direction. A wolf lunged for his crotch. He jumped back and the animal’s teeth snapped shut centimeters away from his jewels. â€Å"Ah, ah, ah, Horace,† Zee admonished. â€Å"I need him for a little while. You can eat him later.† The wolf sat in front of Will and stared at him as if he were a lamb chop. â€Å"You know why you’re here?† she asked him. â€Å"I’m a bit fuzzy on the details since my book has a page missing.† She smiled. â€Å"Clever of me, hmm?† â€Å"You took the page?† I blurted. Zee nodded. â€Å"I broke into his office looking for the totem, but I found the book. I didn’t want to steal it, too obvious, so I tore out the end of the ceremony.† â€Å"You didn’t think he might order another one?† I asked. â€Å"Of course. That’s why I had Horace here keep an eye on pretty boy’s mail. Any packages he was to bring to me, which he did.† I glanced at Horace and realized he was the mailman. He was a little hard to recognize all furry like that. Did Zee have a werewolf planted in every walk of our lives? It appeared so. â€Å"What was on the page you tore out?† I asked. â€Å"The part that matters the most. What happens tonight.† â€Å"Which is?† â€Å"I become invincible.† Mandenauer, who’d been unnaturally silent until now, snorted. Zee turned in his direction. A snap of her fingers and the wolves parted. She crossed the distance between them. â€Å"You have something to say, Herr Mandenauer?† â€Å"No one is invincible. I have learned that much in all my years on the hunt.† â€Å"You will learn something new tonight. The wolf god cannot be destroyed. I will live forever and I will rule everyone.† â€Å"Why?† I asked. I couldn’t think of anything I’d less like to do than rule the world. What a shitty job. Zee spun toward me, and the wolves encircled Man-denauer once more. Anger brightened her eyes. â€Å"Because once I was powerless and Mengele made me a monster.† â€Å"Mengele?† I remembered what Mandenauer had told me about the Nazi. â€Å"You were one of his experiments?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"But you haven’t got an accent,† I blurted. Zee’s penciled-on eyebrows lifted. â€Å"That’s all you can say?† I was in shock. I knew that much. But I’d never met a native-born German who could lose the accent. She waved her hand. â€Å"I had plenty of time to practice my English. That was the least of my worries.† I glanced at Will. He made a swirling motion with his finger. Horace followed the movement as if Will’s hand were a prepackaged doggy treat. I got the message. Keep her talking. Why not? I didn’t want to get to the part where she needed my blood. â€Å"What were your worries?† She gave me an incredulous snort. â€Å"Look at me. Mengele couldn’t have infected me with his crap when I was twenty and beautiful? No, he had to do it when I was eighty and ugly.† I blinked. â€Å"You were eighty in the nineteen-forties?† â€Å"Werewolves don’t die, Jessie. Unless you shoot them with silver.† â€Å"I can take care of that for you!† Mandenauer called. â€Å"If you just return my gun!† â€Å"I could have killed myself if I wanted to die. If I do, that pig wins. I wanted a cure. I spent decades searching for one. I traveled the globe, investigated every werewolf legend, tried lotions and potions and incantations until I was so damn tired.† â€Å"And then?† â€Å"Then I came to Wisconsin, and I found something much better than a cure.† She smiled. â€Å"Ever hear ‘ if you can’t beat ’em, join ‘ em’? I much prefer ‘ if you can’t be cured, then become.'† â€Å"I’m a bit confused as to how you get to rule the world by becoming a wolf god.† â€Å"It’s not all that hard. If my army spreads, bit by bit, country by country, soon everyone is a werewolf.† Aha! â€Å"And you are their god.† â€Å"Works out quite nicely, doesn’t it?† Abruptly Zee crossed to the fire, grabbed a machete that had been heating at the edge of the flames. She beckoned to Will and to me, â€Å"Nuh-uh,† I said at the same time Will muttered, â€Å"No, thanks.† Zee gave an impatient sigh. â€Å"Jessie, I need your blood, but it really doesn’t matter to me if I get it after you’re dead.† â€Å"I thought you were my friend.† â€Å"I was. I am. I will be again if you help me. In fact†¦ † Her once dear face took on a feral yet speculative gleam. â€Å"You could join me. The world isn’t going to be fit for just plain folks. Let me give you a little nip – after, of course.† She wiggled the huge knife. â€Å"Then we can be together forever.† â€Å"As appealing as that sounds, I’ll have to pass.† â€Å"Sorry, you don’t get to decide. Now get over here, and your little friend, too.† â€Å"What do you need Will for? If I come, you can let him go.† â€Å"Jessie.† Will sounded exasperated. Zee ignored him. â€Å"You haven’t been listening, girl, and that’s not like you. I need wolf clan boy for the ceremony.† A cold chill wafted over me. You read "Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 40" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"What are you going to do?† Horrible images danced through my head. Human sacrifice. Sadomasochistic sex. And those were just the ones I knew the names for. â€Å"He has to draw the blood.† My mouth fell open. â€Å"That’s it?† Zee’s lips twitched. â€Å"What did you think? That I’d screw him here in front of you and everyone? You did say he was good in bed, girl, but I’m too old for that shit.† My cheeks heated. How I could be embarrassed at a time like this I’ll never understand. â€Å"Time’s a-wastin’ . Don’t make me send them to get you. I promise you won’t like it.† Two of the wolves growled, the fur along their backs lifting. Zee was no doubt right. I wouldn’t like it. But I’d like being a werewolf even less. Will cleared his throat. I looked at him. He looked toward Zee. I frowned and followed his gaze. The guns were in a pile near the edge of the forest, nearly out of sight. Zee didn’t seem to know they were there. Goody. Will and I joined Zee near the fire. She didn’t waste any time. As the Indians continued to chant, then throw a little magic dirt into the fire, the flames turned from orange, to crimson, to neon blue – she put the machete into Will’s hand. Holding on to his wrist, she grabbed mine. Will and I both struggled, but it was no use. Zee had the strength of a werewolf, not a little old lady. One quick slice across my forearm and it was over. Or maybe not. She dragged both of us nearer the fire, held my arm over the flames, squeezed the cut until a stream of red bathed the totem and dripped into the fire. Whoosh. The flames shot skyward. I shrieked and fell back, hitting the ground hard enough to make my teeth rattle. The machete clattered in one direction, Will in the other. But my gaze was riveted on Zee. The moon shone in a bright silver stream through the trees, hitting her and her alone. The light bathed her face, turning her skin an ethereal white as if she glowed from within. Zee plucked the totem from the fire, tossed the icon around her neck. The eyes of the stone wolf flared flame red. My blood stained her uniform shirt. It didn’t matter. The shirt ripped open as she changed. The Indians’chanting grew louder. The wolves began to howl. Mandenauer shouted something, but I couldn’t hear him, and I couldn’t take my eyes from Zee. The change was unlike anything I’d seen before. She didn’t become a wolf like Clyde – not completely. Instead, she remained upright, bipedal. White fur sprouted from her pores. Her feet became paws, but her hands stayed the same, as ears appeared on top of her head. Whiskers sprang from her lip; her nose and her mouth didn’t change. I blinked and she was a woman-beast. As if a switch had been thrown in the sky, the silver light of the moon went under a cloud. The Indians stopped chanting. The wolves went silent. Zee turned to me. Ugh, that just wasn’t right. Werewolves had human eyes. But Zee’s eyes had gone wolf. With fur all over her face, and the canines she revealed when she smiled, the effect was pretty repulsive. That wasn’t even taking into account the body of a human, covered with fur. She twirled for me, as if showing off a new dress. â€Å"Uh, nice tail,† I managed. â€Å"Thanks.† Her voice was different – gravelly, more a growl than a smoker’s grumble. She didn’t resemble the wolf god in the drawing, but I doubted the artist had ever seen one, either. â€Å"Walking upright is good,† Zee murmured. â€Å"And talking.† She wiggled her fingers. â€Å"Opposable thumbs will come in handy.† â€Å"I bet.† There was a flash of movement behind her and a sudden snarl from one of the wolves. Zee turned, and Will plunged the machete into her chest. All I could do was blink, shocked. Zee stared down at the hilt of the knife; then she lifted her gaze to Will. â€Å"You have got to be kidding me with this.† She grasped the machete and yanked it out, then tossed the thing into the bushes. A sickening slurping, sucking sound came from her chest. As I watched, the wound closed before it even had time to bleed. â€Å"Told you they’d come in handy.† She wiggled her thumbs. Then she backhanded Will so hard he flew into the forest in the wake of the knife. I didn’t realize I’d jumped to my feet and taken several steps after him until Zee grabbed me. â€Å"Not so fast.† She leaned closer. â€Å"How about a little nibble?† I backed up; she let me go. The guns were still behind her. I wasn’t going to get to them anytime soon. Will was unconscious, maybe dead. Mandenauer was still surrounded by wolves, if they hadn’t eaten him already. We were, to put it in the usual vernacular, screwed. â€Å"Join me, Jessie. I’ll rule; you can be my right-hand woman. We’ll have so much fun.† â€Å"All I have to do is get furry.† â€Å"It’s not so bad. You might even grow to like it.† She waved her hand at the werewolf army. â€Å"Most of them do. Embrace your inner wolf, girl. Or die.† A movement from the forest caught my attention. I cast my eyes toward the ground. â€Å"Let me think a minute.† â€Å"A minute, starting now.† I made a great show of rubbing my head. It still hurt, but what I really wanted to do was see behind Zee without her following my gaze. Will hovered in the sparse tree line at the edge of the forest. Though his lip was bloody, his cheek already swollen, he didn’t hesitate. He grabbed my pistol from the pile. Unfortunately, his hands were still bound and he fumbled, unable to lift the thing or fire it. His dismayed gaze met mine and I held out my hand. He tossed me the pistol just as I kicked Zee in the chest. Her wound might have healed, but from the way she howled it still hurt like a bitch. The gun connected with my palm as she gained her feet. Would silver bullets work on the wolf god? Only one way to find out. I shot her as she whispered my name. After the incident with the machete, I half-expected Zee to laugh and kick my ass. Instead, flames shot from the wound, so bright I had to shield my eyes. The wolves howled mournfully. When I lowered my hands, a great white wolf lay at my feet. She was beautiful and she was dead. How to cite Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 40, Essay examples

Crriculum on a Leadership Development

Question: Curriculum on a leadership development program for novice nurses," organization selected was Wisconsin Center for Nursing (WCN) for the assignment. Last weekes assignment is the power point attached and the .doxc file plus details below are how the assignment is to be completed. Answer: Nursing Leaders and education based industry standards Development of nursing leadership is significant in the changing health care system of todays world (Huber, 2013). Nurse leaders have the influence on patient outcomes, staff satisfaction and the fiscal status of the health care organization (Yoder-Wise, 2014). Nursing leadership development program are built by many organizations to provide novice nurses with knowledge on how to be an effective leader. The nursing curriculum is to be considered effective when there is a clear understanding of the standards that go with the curriculum. In leadership development, the standards guide the curriculum development (Waddell et al., 2015). The purpose of aligning the nursing curriculum with industry standards is to make the sure quality curriculum that has distinguishing features determining the fulfillment of the standard (MacPhee et al., 2012). Leadership development programs are to be built based on an extent of curriculum content. The Wisconsin Center for Nursing (WCN) is to develop a cu rriculum on leadership development program for novice nurses. The present paper is an industry standards paper the describes the industry standards pertinent to the proposed curriculum on leadership development. One agency, one state and one federal education-based industry standard, the purpose of the standards, how the standards are relevant to the proposed curriculum and how it will influence the development and how the proposed curriculum is going to meet the education-based standards and the advantages of doing so. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and their proposed carriculum Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has set up some guidelines for nursing leadership that includes nursing education. The standards identify that all the specific aspects of nursing leadership must be included in the curriculum, and practical knowledge is to be given. The agency provides evidence-based material to the curriculum by studying the quality of care and the decisions for improving the healthcare outcomes (Kronick, 2014). Facilities that incorporate the standards to nurse education have high leadership qualities among the novice nurses. By aligning the leadership development curriculum on the guidelines, the aim of the curriculum will be fulfilled, and the nurses can assure improved and better health outcomes. The State of Wisconsin Board of Nursing states that the curriculum must be organized and developed for including the attitudes, abilities, skills and knowledge of nurses that is necessary for the particular levels of student achievement (Billings Halstead, 2013). By including the standards of the state board, nursing leadership development curriculum will succeed in meeting the standards of nursing practice. Experiences are to be provided for enabling the learner to enhance the skills and knowledge regarding leadership. The state board of nursing also states that the nurses must undertake a particular practice only if the nurse has the proper experience, knowledge and preparation to execute fairly the practice. The providing leadership education, the nurse educator, makes sure that the staff is complying with the requirement of licensure in the state for nursing. The American Nurses Association (ANA) developed the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) for teaching nurses and other members of the healthcare team to implement leadership throughout the course of their practice. The training standards program is to be incorporated in the nursing curriculum (Alspach, 2015). By including the training program, the curriculum will be aligned with the standards of ANA. By making the alignment, quality, safe and evidence-based practice will be implemented. The standards of ANA are regularly reviewed and applied as standards of care in nursing that is to be developed for accommodating the latest evidence-based practice in nursing. This has the potential to affect the care of the patients. The proposed curriculum of AHRQ and education-based industry standards The proposed curriculum would meet the education-based standards by the following steps. The curriculum would be determined to understand what the curriculum is about and the scope and sequence for learning. The main components of the curriculum would be a rationale, a short overview of the content description, the description of the student audience, connections to national standards, intended learning outcomes, an instructional plan, a plan for assessment and materials, texts and other resources for fulfillment of the curriculum (Keating, 2014). The curriculum would represent a huge shift in paradigm in the field of leadership development. The curriculum would be made by looking at the standards, recognizing the dispositions and knowledge and demonstrate the meeting of the standards (Iwasiw, 2014). The curriculum will allow the students to fulfill the outcomes. For this purpose, all the activities would be taken up that would reach the target. Curriculum assessment would be taken u p for allowing the students to track the success and the educators to determine whether the students are meeting the standards. New approaches to the teaching would be carried out and made in such a manner that the needs of the students are met (Richardson et al., 2014). Industry standards are the proper guidance for nursing leadership development curriculum by making specific the bench mark for measuring the curriculum. Incorporating the standards in the implementation of the nursing curriculum will make sure that learners achieve success and the nursing program fulfills the course objectives. The alignment of the industry standards is to match with the vision and mission of the facility and the competencies of the curriculum standards. Developing a nursing curriculum comprising of different standards makes sure that professional, safe and quality nursing practice is implemented. The focus of the curriculum is to be on the attitudes, skills and knowledge of the learners. By the integration of the industry standards into nursing curriculum, nurse educators make sure that the program is approved and accredited. By aligning with the industry standards, the process of care and clinical outcomes of the broad spectrum of care quality of the healthcare sys tem will be enhanced. The curriculum will provide support to the nurses for establishing the standards of excellence in care. With the help of the accreditation standards and the presence of multi-resources and the accreditation bodies, the curriculum topic, based on the latest evidence-based practice and the alignments of regulations and standards of the nursing practice. References Alspach, J. G. (2013).Core curriculum for critical care nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Billings, D. M., Halstead, J. A. (2013).Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty. Elsevier Health Sciences. Huber, D. (2013).Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Iwasiw, C. L., Goldenberg, D., Andrusyszyn, M. A. (2014).Curriculum development in nursing education. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Keating, S. B. (2014).Curriculum development and evaluation in nursing. Springer Publishing Company. Kronick, R. (2014). Patient safety: the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's ongoing commitment.Journal of nursing care quality,29(3), 195-199. MacPhee, M., Skeltonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Green, J., Bouthillette, F., Suryaprakash, N. (2012). An empowerment framework for nursing leadership development: supporting evidence.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68(1), 159-169. Richardson, J., Grose, J., Doman, M., Kelsey, J. (2014). The use of evidence-informed sustainability scenarios in the nursing curriculum: Development and evaluation of teaching methods.Nurse education today,34(4), 490-493. Waddell, J., Spalding, K., Canizares, G., Navarro, J., Connell, M., Jancar, S., ... Victor, C. (2015). Integrating a Career Planning and Development Program into the Baccalaureate Nursing Curriculum: Part I. Impact on Students Career Resilience.International journal of nursing education scholarship,12(1), 163-173. Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2014).Leading and managing in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.

The Adoption Of The Controllable Pitch Propeller By The Outside World

The Adoption Of The Controllable Pitch Propeller By The Outside World Canada is not exactly known for having produced several ground-breaking inventions or discoveries in her time. However, the period of rapid technological advancement that she incurred during the third period of the history of engineering in Canada brought with it several important engineering inventions which had their roots in Canada. The creation of the controllable pitch propeller was one such invention which was perfected in Canada and was so successful that this primarily Canadian development spread throughout the world. Wallace Rupert Turnball lived in Rothesay and it was there that he carried out his experiments in aeronautical theory beginning in 1902. His specialty was that of dihedrals which he studied in a wind-tunnel. He looked at water borne hydroplanes propelled by motor-driven airscrews. An airscrew the Great Britain term for a propeller. A standard propeller consists of anywhere from two to four blades each a section of a helix, the geometric form of a screw thread, hence the term ?airscrew.? The first plane had two air-screws on each side whereas the second one had only one, more highly efficient propeller located at the rear end of craft, near the pilot's seat. However, both had an uneven torque of engine that was in fact destructive to the efforts of the propeller. Turnball experimented with all different types of air-screws; some with a 30? gauge track that were 300' long for truck. With each air-screw he tested, he recorded the propeller thrust, rpm and the forward speed. What determi nes the forward speed is the distance that a propeller will move in the forward direction when the shaft of the propeller is rotated 360o. Assuming that there is no slippage, this distance is termed the geometric pitch. The propellers that Turnball tested had diameters ranging from 1.5' up to 3.5', all different dimensions and shapes. Upon his return to Rothesay in 1918, after the war, he dove into his research and experimentation on a possible controllable pitch propeller, an idea that he had been developing since the autumn of 1916. He ran several tests using rotating electric motor apparatus in order to spin the blades of his propeller. The finished product was a propeller whose pitch can be adjusted by the pilot, at different angles, during flight giving the pilot the ability to command the optimal combination of torque and speed for the situation at any given moment from his aircraft. By means of a small electric motor mounted just in front of the propeller, the pitch of the propeller itself could eventually be adjusted which makes for more efficient take-offs and regular flight than what would be achieved with an everyday ?fixed blade? propeller incapable of any pitch change. Under the supervision of both the Ontario government and the Canadian Air Force, a ground test was run in 1923 on Avro aircraft at Camp Borden, Ontario only to conclude that more research and experimentation was necessary. Four years later, on June 6, 1927, again at Camp Borden on Avro Biplane, Flight Lieutenant G.G. Brookes took Turnball's controllable pitch propeller for it's first air test. Funding was granted immediately to perfect the invention it was such a success. The news of the Canadian invention spread rapidly. Turnball wrote a treatise based on his discoveries and new found technology called ?The Efficiency of Aerial Propellers? which was published in the Scientific American on April 3, 1909. His second and third publications on the subject were entitled ?Laws of Air-Screws? and appeared in The Aeronautical Journal, in the October 1910 and January 1911 issues. For his studies and discoveries, Turnball was awarded the Bronze Medal of Royal Aeronautical Society and was, in addition, elected a ?Fellow.? Come 1914, Turnball had published several scientific articles and found himself one of the world's authorities on the subject. He sold the patents to the controllable pitch propeller in December of 1929. The Curtiss Wright Corporation won the American rights and the Bristol Aeroplane Company, the English rights. In 1935, the Norseman, the most highly successful bush plane in the world at the time, was designed in Canada by Robert Noorduyn, an aviation engineer trained in Holland. The Norseman quickly caught the attention of

Examples and Uses of Metals and Nonmetals

Examples and Uses of Metals and Nonmetals Most elements are metals, but quite a few are nonmetals. Its important to be able to distinguish between the different types of elements. Here is a list of five metals and five nonmetals, an explanation of how you can tell them apart, and some examples of their uses. Five Nonmetals The nonmetals are located on the upper rights include: nitrogenoxygenheliumsulfurchlorine Five Metals Metals usually are hard, dense conductors, often exhibiting a shiny metallic luster. Metallic elements readily lose electrons to form positive ions. Except for mercury, metals are solids at room temperature and pressure. Examples include: ironuraniumsodiumaluminumcalcium How to Tell Nonmetals and Metals Apart The easiest way to identify whether an element is a metal or nonmetal is to find its position on the periodic table. There is a zigzag line that runs down the right side of the table. Elements on this line are metalloids or semimetals, which have properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. Every element located to the right of this line is a nonmetal. All other elements (most elements) are metals. The only exception is hydrogen, which is considered a nonmetal in its gaseous state at room temperature and pressure. The two rows of elements below the body of the periodic table also are metals. Basically, about 75 percent of elements are metals, so if youre given an unknown element and asked to make a guess, go with a metal. Element names can be a clue, too. Many metals have names ending with -ium (examples: beryllium, titanium). Nonmetals may have names ending with -gen, -ine, or -on (examples: hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, argon). Uses for Metals and Nonmetals Metals uses are directly linked to their qualities. For example: Shiny metals such as copper, silver, and gold are often used for decorative arts, jewelry, and coins.Strong metals such as iron and metal alloys such as stainless steel are used to build structures, ships, and vehicles such as cars, trains, and trucks.Some metals have specific qualities that dictate their use. For example, copper is a good choice for wiring because it is particularly good for conducting electricity. Tungsten is used for the filaments of light bulbs because it glows white hot without melting. Nonmetals are both plentiful and useful. Some of the most commonly used include: Oxygen, a gas, is absolutely essential to human life. Not only do we breathe it and use it for medical purposes, but we also use it as an important element in combustion.Sulphur is valued for its medical properties and is also an important ingredient in many chemical solutions. Sulfuric acid is an important tool for industry: It is used in batteries and in manufacturing.Chlorine, a nonmetal, is a powerful disinfectant. It is used to purify drinking water and swimming pools.

Canada and World War II

This paper studies the causes of WWII and Canadas participation in the war. This paper begins with an exploration of the various causes of WWII, focusing on the rapid increase in the strength and might of fascist leaders and on economic depression. The paper then turns to the participation of Canada in the war. It looks at Canadas motivation to participate, at Prime Minister Kings policies and at specific battles in which Canadians were involved. The paper concludes with evaluations of the consequences of participation in the war for Canada. Second World War was a horrible event, which destroyed an entire generation and robbed millions of their dreams and hopes. This primary cause of this war was the rapid rise in the power and might of fascist regimes in Italy, Russia and Germany. Along with fascist power, it was the economic conditions of various European nations that gave the likes of Hitler a chance to turn their dream of world domination into a reality. This paper studies various causes of the Second World War and shed lights on Canadas participation in this war.

Future Prospects for the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies Research Paper

Future Prospects for the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies - Research Paper Example Later, Behring suggested that active immunity could be produced in humans by a combination of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin serum (Llewelyn, Hawkins, Russell, 1992). However, it was Paul Ehrlich whose work made it possible to produce antiserum to diphtheria toxin on a mass scale. The side chain theory of toxicity was proposed by Ehrlich, according to which, â€Å"toxins mediated their effects on cells through preformed protein side chains and immunity arose because of overproduction of these side chains† (Llewelyn, Hawkins, Russell, 1992.) Cà ©sar Milstein and Georges Kà ¶hler, in 1975, managed to produce in vitro "custom-built" antibodies. They produced a hybridoma by fusing rodent antibody-producing cells with tumor cells from mice bone marrow. A hybridoma, provided with the correct nutrients, can grow indefinitely and divide to produce monoclonal antibodies (antibodies of a single type), on a large scale (Saldanha, 2000.) Five classes of immunoglobulin (Ig) are found in mammals: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. In some select mammals, IgG and IgA are further subdivided into subclasses (isotypes) due to polymorphisms in the heavy chain (Lipman et al, 2005). The prototype antibody is IgG, which is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 150000 Dalton. The molecule has a Y shaped structure, consisting of two identical heavy chain-light chain heterodimers, that is linked together by a disulfide bridge. While the heavy chain comprises three constant immunoglobulins (Ig) domains and one variable (V) domain, the light chains consist of a single constant Ig domain and a single variable domain. The host defense mechanism is initiated by the antigen binding site (Fab) and the Fc region (fragment crystallizable) site (Llewelyn, Hawkins, Russell, 1992.) In order to effectively bind a wide range of antigens, there are numerous mechanisms which come into play.

Product Introduction Examples and Their Categorization Essay

Product Introduction Examples and Their Categorization - Essay Example This product has huge storage capacity and hence can store hundreds of films & music videos inside the device. In the author's view, this product is going to face incompatibility with the recorded movie & music industry given that USB drives are not yet the preferred media of selling recorded films & songs. Hence, this device may end up promoting piracy for end users to use it effectively (media companies do not allow copying). Western Digital will need to work out the details of how media companies will be able to sell their products compatible with this device. Currently, the on-line videos are available only through streaming facilities in sites like Cinema Now. As presented by Bhattacharya & Krishnan et al. (1998. S50-S51) firms may get trapped into incorrect design of new products if the specifications are finalized without considering how the competition and related products would evolve. In an old theory Ansoff (1980. pp139) developed an empirical generalization in which it is presented that new product strategists should consider trends, impact, timing of impact, response time, urgency, threats and opportunities before finalizing the product design and launching in the market. The author feels that this product will currently be successful in regions where video piracy is prevalent thus resulting in an unethical factor to contribute to its success. Sony Potrosacki Proizvodi Bravia TV 200 Hz High Density Television in Croatia Sony has recently launched Potrosacki Proizvodi Bravia TV 200 Hz High Density Television in Croatia [http://www.sony.hr/product/t32-z-series/kdl-40z4500]. This device supports latest technologies like High Density picture (1080 pixels) and smoother motion flow at 200 Hz that is normally displayed at 50 Hz. From the perspective of Croatia, many channels available through wired TV connections do not support HDTV. The satellite connectivity does provide access to HDTV channels but their performance is not good in coastal areas due to heavy rains & thick clouds. Hence, a large part of customer base in Croatia will not be able to differentiate the performance of this model compared to the older TV sets. Overall, it is an excellent addition to the existing product line of Sony but it would take some time for the customers at Croatia to realize the difference. Levinthal & Purohit (1989. pp38-39) presented that when a company launches new products in competition with its older variants in th e same product line, the consumers would compare the performance of the new product with its old variant which needs to be tangibly visible. Sony already has a huge customer base of flat LCD TVs in Croatia. Given that Sony products are very durable, it would be difficult for the organization to tangibly demonstrate the value addition of HDTV systems to the customers to motivate them to purchase them in addition to their existing TV sets. Apple iPhone 3G introduction in Croatia Apple has launched the improved version of iPhone that is compatible with 3G spectrum in Croatia (http://www.apple.com/iphone/countries/hr/). This product again

Early Marriage Essay Example for Free

Early Marriage Essay Marriage is the union of a man and a woman who makes a permanent and exclusive commitment to each other of the type that is naturally fulfilled by bearing and rearing children together. It is essentially a union of hearts and minds, enhanced by whatever forms of sexual intimacy both partners find agreeable but, there are numerous problems a couple can face when marriage happens at an early stage for them. Early marriage is also referred to as child marriage, where emotional and social effects take place, but one of the most common outcomes of early marriage is the withdrawal of girls from formal education. Education is important as it is not all about studying and getting good marks, but it means to discover new things and to gain a vast amount of knowledge. It would be one of the largest losses to a girl if she is married young. As India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru said, â€Å"If u educate a man, you educate an individual; however, if you educate a woman you educate a whole family†. Couples that are married young may also lead to financial problems to occur. As a result, it brings them to poverty, the deprivation of basic human needs. Lack of proper education; do not help the inexperience couples to receive large income for the profession they do. Furthermore, children who grow up in poverty suffer more persistent than children who grow up under better financial circumstances. In addition, children in poverty have a greater risk of displaying behaviour and emotional problems, such as impulsiveness and difficulty getting along with their parents. Although money does not buy happiness, it is true that a financially unstable family can create tensions. Read more: Short Essay on Child Marriage Well, women believe that becoming a parent early means giving your body a better chance to recover from the childbearing demands, which works through preserving your youth. Gynecologists approve of the fact that the early you conceive, the more fit you stay. This could be true but not in all circumstances. It would not be beneficial at all as it increases the risk of dying and a higher chance that the newborn will not survive. According to the studies, mothers in this age group have 20 to 200 percent

Did Israel Cause the Events of September 11? :: Threats to World Peace

I will never forget the strange mix of terror and happiness in my fathers voice the afternoon of September 11, 2001. Knowing his proximity to the World Trade Center(3 blocks), and seeing the terrifying images of the attack on the television screen, I rushed to a phone after class and tried desperately to make contact. The moments that followed seemed like forever. Because of the tie-up in the phone lines, it took about 15 minutes to get through to New York. When I finally did get through, I was relieved to hear his familiar voice. He seemed to feel lucky that he had been fortunate enough to make it out of the terror alive. At the same time, he talked about the difficulty he was already having in getting the horrific events he had witnessed out of his mind. He recounted seeing both Towers fall and the searing images of groups of human beings jumping out of burning buildings hand in hand. Those indelible images will surely stay with him and with us for a lifetime. This story illustrates just how personally the catastrophe has hit home for me. As an American, I believe it has changed the course of our lives, and there are several ways I see America going from here. Many individuals have called for peace, while others for an all out retaliatory strike. I don’t think the question is that simple. It is now up to our leaders to make these difficult choices which may change our way of life as we know it, and we are going to have to make some strong decisions as citizens in order to let them know what we believe needs to get done. I think we have to acknowledge that this event was not an isolated incident. It has made a direct impact on the way each and every American born in this era will live their life. I will never again feel safe while riding in an airplane and that prospect frightens me. If we are no longer safe to do the simple things such as take a trip or go to a ballgame, how can we feel that we are free? In the end, the point of all this seems not only to be an attack on our country, but rather an attack on our freedom.

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 20

I didn't see Damon for the next few days. Father said he was spending time at the camp, an idea that clearly filled him with no small amount of pleasure. Father hoped that Damon spending time there would lead to him rejoining the army, even though I figured his hours would be spent mostly gambling and talking about women. I, for one, was glad. Of course, I missed my brother, but I would never be able to spend so much uninterrupted, unquestioned time with Katherine if Damon was around. Truthfully, although I felt disloyal to say it, Father and I adapted well to Damon being gone. We began taking meals together, companionably playing hands of cribbage after dinner. Father would share his thoughts about the day, about the overseer, and about his plans to buy new horses from a farm in Kentucky. For the hundredth time, I realized how much he wanted me to take over the estate, and for the first time, I felt excitement in that possibility. It was because of Katherine. I'd taken to spending each night in her chambers, leaving just before work began in the fields. She hadn't bared her fangs since that night in the woods. It was as if that secret meeting in the forest had changed everything. She needed me to keep her secret, and I needed her to keep me whole. In her small, dim bedroom, everything was passionate and perfect–it almost felt as if we were newlyweds. Of course, I wondered how it would work, me growing older each year as Katherine stayed just as young and beautiful. But that was a question for later, after the fear of the vampire scourge was over, after we were engaged, after we'd settled into a life without hiding. â€Å"I know you've been spending time with young Katherine,† Father said one night at the dinner table, as Alfred cleared the table and brought Father his well-worn deck of cards for us to play. â€Å"Y es.† I watched as Alfred poured sherry into Father's glass. In the flickering candlelight, the normally pink liquid looked like blood. He held the decanter to me, but I shook my head. â€Å"So has young Damon,† Father observed, taking the card deck in his thick fingers and slowly palming it from hand to hand. I sighed, annoyed that Damon had once again come into a conversation about Katherine. â€Å"She needs a friend. Friends,† I said. â€Å"That she does. And I'm glad that you've been able to provide her with companionship,† Father said. He placed the cards facedown on the table and glanced at me. â€Å"Y know, I don't know very much about her ou Atlanta relations. I'd heard of her through one of my shipping partners. Very sad, a girl orphaned by my shipping partners. Very sad, a girl orphaned by Sherman's battle, but there aren't very many other Pierces that say they know of her.† I shifted nervously. â€Å"Pierce is a common enough name. And maybe she doesn't want to be affiliated with some of her relations.† I took a deep breath. â€Å"I'm sure there are other Salvatores out there that we haven't heard of.† â€Å"There's a good point,† Father said, taking a sip of his sherry. â€Å"Salvatore isn't a common name, but it's a good one. Which is why I hope you and Damon know what you're getting into.† I looked up sharply. â€Å"Fighting over the same girl,† Father said simply. â€Å"I wouldn't want you to lose your relationship. I know I don't always see eye to eye with your brother, but he's your flesh and blood.† I cringed, the familiar phrase suddenly complicated. But if Father noticed, he didn't say anything. He picked up the deck and glanced at me expectantly. â€Å"Shall we play?† he asked, already beginning to deal six cards to me. I picked up my stack, but instead of looking at the cards, I glanced out of the corner of my eye, to see if I could spot any movement from the carriage house through the window. Alfred walked into the room. â€Å"Sir, you have a guest.† â€Å"A guest?† Father asked curiously, half standing up from the table. We rarely had guests come to the estate unless there was a party. Father always preferred meeting acquaintances in town or at the tavern. â€Å"Please forgive my intrusion.† Katherine walked in, her thin arms filled with a bouquet of flowers of all different shapes and sizes–roses and hydrangeas and lilies of the valley. â€Å"Emily and I were picking the flowers by the pond, and I thought you might appreciate some color.† Katherine offered a small grin as Father stiffly held out his hand for her to shake. He'd barely had a four-word conversation with Katherine since she'd arrived. I held my breath, as anxious as I would be if I were introducing Father to my betrothed. â€Å"Thank you, Miss Pierce,† Father said. â€Å"And our house is your house. Please don't feel you need to ask permission to come visit. We'd love to have you, whenever you wish to spend time with us.† â€Å"Thank you. I wouldn't want to be an imposition,† she said, batting her eyelashes in a way that was irresistible for any man. â€Å"Please, have a seat,† Father said, settling down at the head of the table. â€Å"My son and I were just preparing to play a hand of cards, but we can certainly put them away.† Katherine eyed our game. â€Å"Cribbage! My father and I always used to play. May I join you?† She flashed a smile as she settled into my chair and picked up my hand. Instantly, she frowned and began rearranging the cards. How could she, when worried for her very existence, be so carefree and enchanting? â€Å"Why, of course, Miss Pierce. If you'd like to play, I'd be honored, and I'm sure my son would be happy to help you.† â€Å"Oh, I know how to play.† She set a card in the center of the table. â€Å"Good,† Father said, putting his own card on top of hers. â€Å"And, you know, I do worry about you and your maid, all alone in the carriage house. If you want to move to the main house, please, just let me know and your wish is my command. I thought that you would like some privacy, but with things as they are and all the danger †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Father trailed off. Katherine shook her head, a shadow of a frown crossing her face. â€Å"I'm not frightened. I lived through a lot in Atlanta,† she said, placing an ace on the table faceup. â€Å"Besides, the servants' quarters are so close, they would hear me if I screamed.† As Father placed a seven of spades on the table, Katherine touched my knee, slowly brushing it with a feathery stroke. I flushed at the intimate contact when my father was so close, but I didn't want her to stop. Katherine placed a five of diamonds on the card pile. â€Å"Thirteen. I think I may be on a lucky streak, Mr. Salvatore,† she said, moving her peg one spot on the cribbage board. Father broke into a delighted grin. â€Å"Y ou're quite a girl. Stefan's never really understood the rules of this game.† The door slammed, and Damon walked into the room, his rucksack over his shoulder. He shrugged it off onto the floor, and Alfred picked it up. Damon didn't seem to notice. â€Å"Looks like I'm missing all the fun,† Damon said, his tone accusatory as his gaze flicked from Father back to me. â€Å"Y are,† Father said simply. Then he actually ou glanced up and smiled at him. â€Å"Y oung Katherine here is proving that she's not only beautiful but that she has brains, too. An intoxicatingly infuriating combination,† Father said, noticing that Katherine had racked up an additional point on the board when he wasn't looking. â€Å"Thank you,† Katherine said, deftly discarding and picking up a new card. â€Å"Y ou're making me blush. Although I do admit that I think your compliments are just an elaborate plan for distracting me so you can win,† Katherine said, barely bothering to acknowledge Damon. I strode over to Damon. We stood together in the doorway, watching Katherine and Father. Damon crossed his arms over his chest. â€Å"What is she doing here?† â€Å"Playing cards.† I shrugged. â€Å"Do you really think that's wise?† Damon lowered his voice. â€Å"Given his opinions on her †¦ provenance.† â€Å"But don't you see? It's brilliant. She's charming him. I haven't heard him laugh so hard since Mother died.† I felt suddenly delirious with happiness. This was better than anything I could have planned. Instead of trying to come up with an elaborate plot to push Father off the vampire trail, Father would simply see that Katherine was human. That she still had emotions and wouldn't do any harm save for ruining his winning streak at cribbage. â€Å"So what?† Damon asked. â€Å"He's a madman on the hunt. A few smiles won't change that.† Katherine erupted into giggles as Father put down a card. I lowered my voice. â€Å"I think if we let him know about her, he'd change his mind. He'd realize that she doesn't mean any harm.† â€Å"Are you crazy?† Damon hissed, clenching my arm. His breath smelled like whiskey. â€Å"If Father knew about Katherine, he'd kill her in an instant! How do you know he's not already planning something?† Just then Katherine let out a peal of laughter. Father threw his head back, adding his hoarse laugh to hers. Damon and I fell silent as she glanced up from her cards. She found us with her eyes and winked. But since Damon and I were standing side by side, it was impossible to tell who it was meant for.

Key Attributes of the Transformational Style of Leadership Essay

The key attributes of the transformational style of leadership are as follows: Task versus Relationship Working together in organizations is increasingly the norm, yet the challenges of working effectively are considerable. One challenge is conflict—the process resulting from the tension between team members because of real or perceived differences. Empowerment versus Control The empowerment leadership style calls for delegation and collaboration of the team, while control is about the competitive style of conflict, which is task oriented—taking a firm stand and operating from a position of power. Getting Results versus Building Capacity Getting results and building capacity should work hand in hand but can be at odds as well, depending on strategy and objectives. To gain results, a leader must build capacity of the team; however, building capacity takes time and resources away from getting results. Shared Vision Shared vision is related to the traditional concept of goal-oriented implementation and consensus building in strategy and leadership (related to products, technologies, or markets), and values are developed by strong, charismatic leaders and imbued in the organizations they create. A shared vision is imperative in that it is communicated and developed as the organizational culture. Self versus Team Interests Self versus team interest affects or is highly influenced by the organization’s culture. How does the team or organization achieve its objectives and goals? Does the company promote and incentivize individual effort in lieu of team objectives? With one person excelling and the team suffering, does the entire organization succeed? Many times, individual goals or incentives must be sacrificed for the good of the team. One example of a transformational leader is Sam Walton, founder of Wal-Mart, who often visited Wal-Mart stores across the country to meet with associates to show his appreciation for what they did for the company. Sam Walton gave â€Å"rules for success† in his autobiography, one of which was to appreciate associates with praise (Walton, 1996). Wal-Mart leaders embrace a philosophy called â€Å"servant-leadership,† which simply means that if you are a leader you need to put the needs of your people first. Said another way, company leaders need to serve their employees (associates). When you boil it all down, the secret to Sam Walton’s leadership philosophies is servant-leadership. His belief was that to truly be an inspirational leader, you must serve those whom you lead. In this regard, Sam was as much an amateur psychologist as he was a merchant (Bergdahl, 2004). There are 4 components to transformational leadership, sometimes referred to as the 4 I’s: Idealized Influence (II) – the leader serves as an ideal role model for followers; the leader â€Å"walks the talk,† and is admired for this. Inspirational Motivation (IM) – Transformational leaders have the ability to inspire and motivate followers. Combined these first two I’s are what constitute the transformational eader’s charisma. Individualized Consideration (IC) – Transformational leaders demonstrate genuine concern for the needs and feelings of followers. This personal attention to each follower is a key element in bringing out their very best efforts. Intellectual Stimulation (IS) – the leader challenges followers to be innovative and creative. A common misunderstanding is that transformational  leaders are â€Å"soft,† but the truth is that they constantly challenge followers to higher levels of performance (Riggio, 2009). References Bergdahl, M. (2004). What I Learned From Sam Walton : How to Compete and Thrive in a Wal-Mart World. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/ehost/detail?sid=2a112ec6-1217-47cc-8f02-3e3e27a41db7%40sessionmgr10&vid=5&bk=1&hid=22&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=nlebk&AN=119365 Kouzes, J. (2007). The Leadership Challenge (4th ed). Jossey-Bass. Retrieved from http://digitalbookshelf.argosy.edu/books/9780470633397/Root/0 Riggio, R. (2009). Cutting-Edge Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/200903/are-you-transformational-leader

Early Theories Of Motivation Essays

Early Theories Of Motivation Essays Early Theories Of Motivation Paper Early Theories Of Motivation Paper Early Theories Of Motivation In the early theories of motivation there are three theories: Maslow?s Hierarchy of Needs, McGregor?s Theories X and Y, and Herzberg?s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Although explanation of motivation has changed over the years, you should be familiar with these early theories for two reasons. The first reason is they represent the foundation from which contemporary motivation theories were developed. Secondly, practicing mangers continue to regularly use these theories and their terminology in explaining employee motivation. One of the early theories of motivation is the Maslow?s Hierarchy of Needs Theory which is the best known theory of motivation. Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs. These five needs consist of physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization needs explanation as follows: A physiological need is food, drink, shelter, sexual satisfaction and other physical requirements, Safety ne eds: security and protection from physical and emotional harm, as well as, assurance that physical needs will continue to be met, Social needs: affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship, Esteem needs: internal esteem factors such as self-respect autonomy, and achievement and external esteem factors such as status, recognition and attention, Self-actualization needs: growth, achieving ones needs, need, motivation, theories, satisfied, hierarchy, theory, maslow?s, esteem, substantially, social, self-actualization, safety, physiological, physical, motivate, maslow, level, five, early, understand, recognition, proposed, practicing, person, next, met, mangers, lower-order, longer, levels, higher-order, factors, explanation, each

Increasing profitiability in a company using the 6 steps of decision Case Study

Increasing profitiability in a company using the 6 steps of decision making - Case Study Example There are several strategies that can be implemented in order to compete with the lower prices and varied selection that these competitors provide. These include lowering our prices to match those of our competitors and if possible, even go lower than them. We can also consider the option of also stocking other clothes in addition to womens clothes, like our competitors. We can also use the fact that we are smaller as compared to our competitors to our advantage by offering our customers personalized service, making sure that our staff are proficient in their departments, and offering unique and latest trends of women’s clothing. Another way we can become more competitive is by providing incentives to customers, and also creating value for our products. We need to carefully analyze these alternatives in order to decide which ones are more practical in our case for implementation. Although adjusting our prices lower to match those of our competitors is the first action that comes to mind, it would be detrimental to do so. Larger stores have the advantage of buying products in bulk and thus at a lesser price as compared to us. Because they have a wider selection of products, the cost of running their stores is also widely spread. They are thus able to sell their products at even lower prices. Being smaller chain stores, we would incur big losses if we were to reduce our prices to match those of our competitors. There is therefore no way we can compete on price. Another solution would be to add variety to our store by stocking other clothes other than just women’s clothing. Like our competitors, we could also include men’s and childrens clothing and also other items such as shoes and accessories. Due to our smaller size, we would have to invest in expanding our stores in order to venture into other products. This is currently not possible and as such, this alternative is not practical. However, we

Should the capital punishment be allowed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Should the capital punishment be allowed - Essay Example 46). The increased number is attributed to these four nations being most populous nations globally. The death penalty is matter controversy in different nations across the world. The positions are varied based on either cultural region, or political ideology. Among the member states of the European Union (EU), Article 2 of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU prohibits the use of capital punishment (European Union, 2010). In the same way, the Council of Europe that is comprised of 47 member states does not allow capital punishment among its members. The public opinion in relation to the death penalty varies considerably. Nonetheless, studies have evidenced adequate reasons as to why the death penalty needs to be abolished. Hodgkinson and Schabas (2004, p. 57) shares the evidence that the death penalty needs to be illegalised because life is very valuable. Life is very important and even murderers are not supposed to be deprived the value of their lives. Life cannot be taken back and every justice system is vulnerable to failure. Therefore, capital punishment puts numerous innocent lives at risk (Kronenwetter, 2001, p.53). Any mistake from the prosecution team may lead to demise of an innocent person. In the same way, innocent people will be prosecuted and killed due to flaws in the justice system. Justices, prosecutors, and witnesses can makes mistakes, which may result in the wrongful convictions of persons. It therefore becomes inevitable that innocent individuals may be sentenced to death for capital crimes. For example, in America, according to Amnesty International an estimated 130 people have been found to be innocent who were on death row. The mentally ill persons may also be executed not knowing why the reasons for their mistakes. The uncooperative and cold behaviour of the mentally challenged persons in the courtroom makes them unable to participate in the trials. As a result, they convicted and put on death row when they are